MeDicS & Me: 2012

Sunday 11 March 2012

OutsidE ClassROom MLT students ACtivity for Subject COurse

ORITE...dh citer dlm LAB kan?? now kite story kt LUAR lab plakk..

klu hari2 mkn nasik mane syok!! betoi? so klu hr2 dlm lab boring laa,sekali sekala kne buat keje kat luar jgk..hahahahah =D so nk storiy cmne boleh dapat smp lah ke bnde yg aku tga pegang tue..bce2!!=)

Nk dijadikan story-moriy student MLT outside d lab, kitorg dpt 1 TASK

drpd Lecturer kitorg

"Miss FATMA Hariati" for class Clinical MICROBIOLOGY..

kne g dapatkan Collection SAmple DARAH KAMBING yg original n Fresh dr LADANG!! klu gne darah manusia yg lme,cepat LYSE o cepat PECAh,tue yg kne gne DARAH kambing..nk buatpe dgn DARAH KAMbing? sonang ajo jang,,nk buat BLOOD AGAR (BA) n Choclate AGAR (CA)..tue je sbnrnye..so geng dak2 lelaki MLT pun voluteer lah nk wat TASK tuh..nk carik kambing xdelah susah mne pown,dr Shah Alam kitorg TRAVEL ke RANTAU PANJANG..

bunyik mcm jauh kan??

hahahaaha

sbnr nye dekat je,di Klang..

kat satu ladang LEMBU & KAMBING di Rantau Panjang,Klang..

Time: 7.30pg

dengan berbekalkan peralatan dr LAB UNISEL,

kitorg pn pergilah ke sne..

Alhamdulillah..rezeki murah mase pg tue,,
pemilik ladang nk sembelih kambing utk AQIQAH,
jd dptlah kami minx sikit DARAH KAMBING
utk dibawa balik ke UNISEL..

dh DAPAT darah kambing,

kitorg punyer NEXT JOB adalah masukkan darah2 tue sume ke dalam tube

yg berisi EDTA atau lebih dikenali sebagai ANTI-COAGULANT..

bygkan kitorg kne fill 200-250 tube dlm mase less than 10 minutes..

niyh group member aku yg sme2 bantu...

time niyh dh terlebih 10minute, so mostly darah yg xsempat masukkan dlm EDTA tube dh BEKU o COAGULATE..ADOOOiiiyaaaii ( =.=")

dh settle wat keje kat LADANG, kitorg singgah makan kat kedai nasi lemak n roti canai area2 kampung RAntau PANjang tue jgk..=)

dh settle wat keje, dh mkn, blk SA kne g class lak..hehehe terus masuk class HISTOLOGY TECHNIQUE..class EN EDDY..=P

OKENGGG...
so,,interested dgn MLT/MLS?? apa TGGU Lg,,
JOIN US!!
bkn saje d FB,tp di IPT jgak..
SIGN UP as a UNISEL BIOMEDICAL STUDENT's!!
^_^

InSIde Unisel Medical LAboratories..=D

TAK cukup berminat nk JOIN BIOMEDIC course MLT/MLS??

PleaZe view my pictures...

LAYANNN...

maybe something might change..=D

Okay laaa..niy cerita KAMI bdk2 MLT..xperlu serius sentiasa pun..
RILEK skit aaaa...

niy adalah rupe tikus after kne "bukak BAJU" yee...

tissue organ...

see the "MICKEY MOUSE"..hensem kan??

processing Blood AGAR(BA), Mc Conkey Agar, Nutrient Agar and Choclate Agar...

niyh AKU join skali nk process AGAR dlm bentuk Liquid before sejukkan utk jd AGAR2..hahaha!!

Derma DARAH di UNISEL...

Carbohydrate testing..

histology technique class..usha dulu VID niy..=)

AKTIVITI-CHERAKAH-MLT

"PortLUck" Taman Pertanian Bukit Cahaya Sri Alam

>26th OF FebruarY 2012<

A little bit of Entry...

aktiviti terakhir KAMI as a Diploma student's kat UNISEL sesi disember 2011/2012, intake 2009/2010..

LAYAN...

Aktviti yg agak perah otak GUA jgk la nk rancang n kumpul brg2..hahahaha

ingat SONANG nk rancang 10-GAMES dlm HANYA 2 hari? Nk beli brg lg,nk "SURVEY" tempat lg..

JOM!!

laaaYan satu2 picture Kitorg sepanjg sebelum-semasa-selepas aktiviti...

niyh AKU versi mr. BOTAK..survey..area empangan sungai baru klu xsilap aku name tempat tue..

Nie 3org MEMBER aku yg JOIN SKALI dlm survey and aktiviti..

Senam PAGI dulu..

Musim BUNGA kaT Rumah Iklim 4 MUsim..

JAP2!!

ape kata klu tgk VID yg syooKK punyer..

ACtually niy Vid PERANG Belon AIR..ehehehe

Team CROWS..!!

AT d END Aktiviti d CHERAKAH before tawaf keliling taman cherakah ..

US wif LECTurer..

dh settle pun cerita KAMI student MLT..aktiviti terakhir KAMI bersama2, FINAL Sem FINAL year..sedey OoOOoO..T.T

Saturday 10 March 2012

Parasitology - TRYPANOSOMES

Trypanosomes belong to the order KINETOPLASTIDA, so-called because of the large DNA-containing structure, the kinetoplast, found at the base of the flagellum

AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS

The vector for African trypanosomiasis is theTsetse fly and the distribution of the disease parallels the distribution of the vector.

The symptoms of African trypansomiasis depend on host and the sub-species of trypanosome. In T. gambiense infections there is massive stimulation of immune system and complement-mediated lysis of host cells (gives characteristic anemia).

Generalized pain, weakness, cramps and swelling of neck lymph nodes. Parasites invade all organs of the body including heart and CNS.

The latter leads to apathy, mental dullness, tremors, convulsions and sleepiness, coma. There is rapid weight loss and death a few months later from malnutrition, heart failure, pneumonia or a parasitic infection.

In the case of T. brucei rhodesiense infections, there is no coma or nervous system symptoms as probably patient dies before these can develop.

Recently on the increase, there are a minimum of 20,000 new cases a year; 50,000,000 people are at risk. Nagana prohibits cattle raising in a large area of Africa causing further malnutrition.

Structure of an African Trypanosome

Trypanosomes are unicellular protozoans (figure 1) with a single flagellum that contains microtubules in the 9+2 arrangement typical of other flagella. At the base of the flagellum is the kinetoplast which contains DNA in the form of about 6000 catenated circles. The kinetoplast DNA is 10% of the total cellular DNA and is the important site of action of some anti-trypanosome drugs such as ethidium. The kinetoplast is part of the single long mitochondrion which changes morphology during various stages of life cycle.

Most other organelles are those typical of any eucaryotic cell. At surface of the cell are sub-membranous pellicular microtubules which give the trypanosome its shape. These underlie a typical plasma membrane which is often covered by an electron-dense surface coat.

Epimastigotes grown in culture; kinetoplast (KP) is anterior to the nucleus (N). In most species of Trypanosoma, this stage reproduces in the gut of the vector.

Trypomastigotes in blood smear; kinetoplast is posterior to the nucleus.

This stage is found in all species of Trypanosoma,

and in most species it is the only stage that reproduces in the vertebrate (human) host.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7q9PTljtRhE&feature=autoplay&list=PL0390D29087A8EDFF&lf=results_video&playnext=2

PARASITOLOGY - INTESTINAL AND LUMINAL PROTOZOA

A parasite is an organism that obtains food and shelter from another organism and derives all benefits from this association. The parasite is termed obligate when it can live only in a host; it is classified as facultative when it can live both in a host as well as in free form. Parasites that live inside the body are termed endoparasites whereas those that exist on the body surface are called ecto-parasites. Parasites that cause harm to the host are pathogenic parasites while those that benefit from the host without causing it any harm are known as commensals.

The organism that harbors the parasite and suffers a loss caused by the parasite is a host. The host in which the parasite lives its adult and sexual stage is the definitive host whereas the host in which a parasite lives as the larval and asexual stage is the intermediate host. Other hosts that harbor the parasite and thus ensure continuity of the parasite's life cycle and act as additional sources of human infection are known as reservoir hosts. An organism (usually an insect) that is responsible for transmitting the parasitic infection is known as the vector.

INTESTINAL AND UROGENITAL PROTOZOA

Intestinal and luminal protozoa significant to human health include

Entamoeba histolytica (Amebae)
Balantidium coli (Ciliates)
Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis (Flagellates)
Cryptosporidium parvum and Isospora belli (Sporozoa)

AMEBIASIS (amebic dysentery, amebic hepatitis)

Etiology
E. histolytica is the major cause of amebic dysentery.

Epidemiology

0.5 to 50% of the population world wide harbors E. histolytica parasites with the higher rates of infection being in underdeveloped countries. 1 to 3% of the population of the USA are infected. Infection is associated with poor hygiene. Humans are the principal host, although dogs, cats and rodents may be infected.

Morphology

Trophozoite: This form has an ameboid appearance and is usually 15-30 micrometers in diameter, although more invasive strains tend to be larger. The organism has a single nucleus with a distinctive small central karyosome (Figure 1A,B). The fine granular endoplasm may contain ingested erythrocytes (Figure 1C). The nuclear chromatin is evenly distributed along the periphery of the nucleus.

Cyst: Entameba histolytica cysts are spherical, with a refractile wall; the cytoplasm contains dark staining chromatoidal bodies and 1 to 4 nuclei with a central karyosome and evenly distributed peripheral chromatin (Figure 2).

Life cycle

Infection occurs by ingestion of cysts on fecally contaminated food or hands. The cyst is resistant to the gastric environment and passes into small intestine where it decysts. The metacyst divides into four and then eight amoebae which move to the large intestine. The majority of the organisms are passed out of the body with the feces but, with larger bolus of infection, some amebae attach to and invade the mucosal tissue forming "flask-shaped" lesions (bomb craters). The organisms encyst for mitosis and are passed through with feces (Figure 3). There are no intermediate or reservoir hosts.

Figure A

Figure B

A, B: Trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica. Trichrome stain. The trophozoites are elongated (up to 60 µm in length), as they tend to be in diarrheal stool. (In non diarrheal stool, they are more rounded, and measure 15-20 µm.) The nuclei show a centrally placed karyosome with a uniformly distributed peripheral chromatin.

Trophozoites

Trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica. Trichrome stain. Two diagnostic characteristics are seen here: two of the trophozoites have ingested erythrocytes, and the nuclei have typically a small, centrally located karyosome, as well as thin, uniform peripheral chromatin.

E. Histolytica Cyst & Trophozoite

Entamoeba histolytica cyst and trophozoite, haematoxylin stained

Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites in section of intestine (H&E)

Parasitic amoeba (Entamoeba histolytica) causes amebic dysentery & ulcers
(vegetative trophozoite stage).

Life cycle of Entamoeba histolytica

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dYASBEwr6NQ

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